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Objective:To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of GⅡNorovirus (NoV) infection in children in Tianjin Children′s Hospital in 2018.Methods:Single center study. From January to December 2018, a total of 2 185 stool specimens were collected from the children with acute gastroenteritis suspected caused by virus infection in Tianjin Children′s Hospital. Norovirus was detected by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The capsid protein VP1(VP1) region of positive samples was amplified and sequenced. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA5.05 for analyzing the results. The detection of NoV in different age groups and different months were compared by SPSS 20.0.Results:Among the 2 185 stool specimens,610 were NoV positive, the positive rate was 27.9% (610/2 185).All of the positive samples were GⅡgenogroup. Seven genotypes were found, with GⅡ.3 subtype accounting for 46.2%(151/327),GⅡ.4 subtype accounting for 40.1%(131/327),GⅡ.2 subtype accounting for 4.6%(15/327), other subtypes accounting for 9.1%(30/327).There was a significant difference in NoV detection rate among different age groups (χ 2=17.050, P=0.002). Among the positive specimens, the detection rate of less than or equal to 3 years old was the highest which is accounting for 89.2%.Also there was a significant difference in NoV detection rate among different months(χ 2=225.153, P<0.001).November and December are the most frequent months. There was significant difference between GⅡ.3 and GⅡ.4 NoV infection in children with granulocytopenia (χ 2=11.270, P=0.001) , and also in children with respiratory symptoms (χ 2=7.257, P=0.007) . Conclusions:GⅡ.3 and GⅡ.4 were the main genotypes of NoV infection in children in Tianjin in 2018. The Multiple genotypes suggests that the monitoring and prevention of NoV infection in children should continue to be strengthened in the future.
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Objective To explore the correlations of soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) and high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP) levels with the hypercoagulable state and indicators of predicting thrombosis in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods Sixty-four PNS patients who had primary clinical diagnosis or recurrence after hormone withdrawal for 6 months or more hospitalized in Department of Urology,the Second Children's Hospital of Tianjin from January 2010 to January 2014 were selected as PNS group.Thirty patients with inguinal hernia undergoing elective surgery hospitalized in Department of Surgery,the Second Children's Hospital of Tianjin from January 2010 to January 2014 were selected as control group.All the selected patients were extracted for venous blood samples,and the double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect plasma sTM levels,while immunoturbidimetric assay was used to detect plasma hs-CRP levels;the indicators of predicting thrombosis as blood lipid and fibrinogen(Fb) etc.were simultaneously detected.Inspection results were compared and the correlation was analyzed by using statistical methods.Results The level of plasma sTM in children with PNS was significantly higher than that in the control group[(1.63 ±0.68) μg/L vs.(0.30 ±0.24) μg/L],and the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups (t =12.545,P ＜ 0.05).The level of plasma sTM in PNS group with urine protein negative was significantly lower than that before hormone treatment[(1.05 ± 0.56) μg/L vs.(1.63 ± 0.68) μg/L],and there was a statistically significant difference(t =6.298,P ＜ 0.05).The level of plasma sTM in children with PNS had positive correlation with 24 h urinary protein,low density lipoprotein,apolipoprotein B,lipoprotein a and Fb (r =0.379,0.203,0.184,0.177,0.224,all P ＜ 0.05).The level of plasma hs-CRP in children with PNS was significantly higher than that in the control group [(1.9 ± 1.7) mg/L vs.(0.7 ± 0.6) mg/L],and the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups (t =3.487,P ＜ 0.05).In PNS group,the level of plasma hs-CRP with urine protein negative was significandy lower than that before hormone treatment[(0.4 ±0.3) mg/L vs.(1.9 ± 1.7) mg/L],and there was a statistically significant difference (t =5.473,P ＜ 0.05).The level of plasma hs-CRP in children with PNS was negatively correlated with plasma albumin (r =-0.194,P ＜ 0.05),but positively correlated with Fb (r =0.257,P ＜ 0.01).Plasma sTM and hs-CRP levels in children with PNS were positively correlated (r =0.395,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions sTM involves in the formation process of PNS hypercoagulable state possibly through dual influencing by blood coagulation process and blood lipids.sTM may be used as one of the reference indicators for PNS activity and prediction of thrombosis.Plasma hs-CRP reflects the micro-inflammatory state in children with PNS,and involves in the formation of hypercoagulability by effecting blood coagulation process,and should be used as indicators for monitoring the hypercoagulability of active PNS.
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Objective To detect the IgM antibodies and epidemiology of pathogens of respiratory tract infection in children ,and to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods The serum of 14 379 outpatient and inpatient cases in Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March 2015 to February 2016 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence ,and the respiratory tract in‐fections of different gender ,season ,age and pathogens were analyzed .Results Totally 3 392 specimens (23 .59% ) were positive for IgM antibody detection and the positive rate of MP with 18 .77% was highest ;361 cases were mixed infection ,mainly including two kinds of infection pathogens .The positive rate of respiratory pathogens in male with 21 .46% was significantly lower than in female patients with 33 .92% (χ2 = 274 .73 ,P < 0 .05) .The positive rate in different ages groups (0 - 30 d ,- 6 months ,- 1 years ,- 3 years ,- 9 years ,- 18 years) were 0 .2% ,1 .8% ,15 .36% ,34 .46% ,39 .73% and 30 .73% respectively ,the highest infection rate was found between 3 to 9 years old children ,and the differences among groups were statistically significant (χ2 = 1 407 .87 ,P<0 .05) .The highest rate of MP were found in autumn (24 .42% ) and winter (23 .01% ) ,the highest rate of Influenza B virus (IFu B) was found in spring (15 .13% ) ,the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila (LP) was high in summer (0 .78% ) and autumn (0 .80% ) .Comparison with the 15 departments ,the children of otolaryngology with the positive rate of 43 .9% was the highest . Conclusion The infection ratios of respiratory pathogens were related to gender ,season ,age and pathogen .These findings provided an important reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment in different seasons and population .
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Objective To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the frizzled 6(FZD6) gene with neural tube defects(NTDs) in a northern Han Chinese population.Methods Three nonsynonymous SNPs in the FZD6 gene (rs827528,rs3808553,rs12549394) were examined.The SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing in 135 NTD patients and matched normal controls.The allele,genotype and haplotype frequencies were calculated and analyzed to examine the association between FZD6 SNPs and NTDs.Results Both T allele and TT genotype frequencies of the rs3808553 polymorphism in the NTDs group were significantly higher than those in the controls,and children with T allele and TT genotype were associated with increased risk of NTDs (OR =1.575,95％ CI 1.112-2.230,P =0.010 and OR =2.811,95％ CI 1.325-5.967,P =0.023 respectively).There were no significant differences among different genotypes or alleles in both rs827528 and rs12549394.Haplotypes AG-C and A-T-C were found associated with NTDs in the case-control study (OR =0.560,95％ CI 0.378-0.830,P=0.004 and OR=1.670,95％CI 1.126-2.475,P =0.011 respectively).Conclusions The rs3808553 polymorphism of FZD6 is obviously associated with NTDs in children of northern Han Chinese population.The TT genotype may increase the risk for NTDs.The rs827528 and rs12549394 polymorphisms of FZD6 may have no association with NTDs.